The Maori are the indigenous peoples of New Zealand. Like all cultures, the Maori expressed themselves in artistic ways. The Maori, however, have no word for "art." The traditional expert, or tohunga, in carving or weaving does not create a piece of art. They are merely the vessel used by the gods to express them in material form. This meant that all carvings, weavings and other artistic endeavors were charged with spiritual power, or mana. The act of creating a carving or other item was sacred, and a gift of Tangaroa, the sea god.
Carving was and still is a big part of Maori culture. Wood was used to carve flutes, elaborate posts, and war canoes with elaborate carvings, treasure boxes and wall panels. Whale bone and cow bone is used to make flutes and symbolic jewelry. Shells are also carved for personal adornment. The symbols portrayed are deep in religious and cultural meaning. The Koru, or spiral, is the symbol of life and rebirth. Tikis are often carved in personal pieces, on posts and wall panels to represent fertility or protection. They may be worn or displayed on special occasions.
Carvings of sea creatures and the tails of whales, a very special animal to the Maori, are also common. Another common carving subject is Manaia, a figure with a bird's head. Another is Marakihau, a sea monster who took human form. Elaborate bone fishhook ornaments were carved to symbolize prosperity, abundance and fertility. Today, new carvers still learn the skills passed down from generation to generation.
